Ready for O4 II: GRANDMA observations of <i>Swift</i> GRBs over eight weeks in spring 2022
I. Tosta e MeloDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, ItalyJ.-G. DucoinSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceZ. VidadiN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, 5626 Shamakhy, AZ, AzerbaijanCristina AndradeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI 55455, USAV. RupchandaniBrown University, Providence, RI 02912, USAS. AgayevaN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, 5626 Shamakhy, AZ, AzerbaijanJabiri AbdelhadiOukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University Av. Prince My Abdellah, 2390 Marrakesh, BP, MoroccoLyu AbeUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceOlivier Aguerre-ChariolOCA, 14 rue Saint-Hubert, 60560 Orry-la-Ville, FranceV. AivazyanE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt.Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301 Adigeni, GeorgiaS. AlishovN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, 5626 Shamakhy, AZ, AzerbaijanS. AntierUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceJ. M. BaiKey Laboratory for the Structure and Elution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650011 Kunming, PR ChinaA. BaranskyAstronomical Observatory Taras Shevshenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str. 3, Kyiv, 04053 UkraineSzczepan BednarzSilesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandPhilippe BendjoyaUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceZ. BenkhaldounOukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University Av. Prince My Abdellah, 2390 Marrakesh, BP, MoroccoS. BeradzeE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt.Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301 Adigeni, GeorgiaM. A. BizouardUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceU. BhardwajGRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsM. BłażekFZU – Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha, Czech RepublicM. BoërUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceE. BroensVereniging or Sterrenkunde, Balen-Neetlaan 18A, 2400 Mol, BelgiumО. БурхоновUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy str. 33, Tashkent, 100052 UzbekistanN. ChristensenUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceJeff CookeCentre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery 685 (OzGrav), Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122 AustraliaW. CorradiLaboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, R. dos Estados Unidos, 154 – Nações, Itajubá, MG, 37504-364 BrazilM. W. CoughlinSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI 55455, USAT. CulinoUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceF. DaigneInstitut Universitaire de France, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, 75231 Paris, FranceDamien DornicCPPM, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceP.-A. DuverneIJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceS. EhgamberdievNational University of Uzbekistan, 4 University str., Tashkent, 100174 UzbekistanL. EymarArtemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceA. FouadNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptM FreebergKNC, AAVSO, Hidden Valley Observatory(H), Colfax, WI.; iTelescope, NMS, Mayhill NM, USAB. GendreAustralia ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), AustraliaFei GuoPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 PR ChinaP. GokuldassDepartment of Aerospace, Physics, and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901 USANidhal GuessoumAmerican University of Sharjah, Physics Department, PO Box 26666 Sharjah, UAEE. GurbanovN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, 5626 Shamakhy, AZ, AzerbaijanR. HainichInstitut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, GermanyElgun K. HasanovN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, 5626 Shamakhy, AZ, AzerbaijanP. HelloIJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceR. InasaridzeE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt.Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301 Adigeni, GeorgiaA. IskandarSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR ChinaН. З. ИсмаиловN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, 5626 Shamakhy, AZ, AzerbaijanA. JanatiTheophile Jegou du LazDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USAД. А. КаннHessian Research Cluster ELEMENTS, Giersch Science Center, Max-n-Laue-Straße 12, Goethe University Frankfurt, Campus Riedberg, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyС. КарповCEICO, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha, Czech RepublicW. KiendrébéogoLaboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoA. KlotzIRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceR. KneipK26 / Contern Observatory (private obs.), 1, beim Schmilberbour, 5316 Contern, LuxembourgN. KochiashviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt.Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301 Adigeni, GeorgiaAziz Ettahar KaeouachK. KruiswijkCentre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology – CP3, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumM. LamoureuxCentre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology – CP3, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumN. LeroyIJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceWenbin LinPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Planetarium, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100044 PR ChinaJ. MaoKey Laboratory for the Structure and Elution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650011 Kunming, PR ChinaD. MarchaisM. MašekFZU – Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha, Czech RepublicT. MidavaineSociété Astronomique de France, 3 rue Beethoven, 75016 Paris, FranceA. MöllerCentre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery 685 (OzGrav), Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122 AustraliaDavid C. MorrisUniversity of the Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Islands, 00802 USAR. NatsvlishviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt.Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301 Adigeni, GeorgiaFelipe NavareteSOAR Telescope/NSF’s NOIRLab, Avda Juan Cisternas 1500, La Serena, ChileA. Nicuesa GuelbenzuThüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, 07778 Tautenburg, GermanyK. NoonanUniversity of the Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Islands, 00802 USAK. NoysenaNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), 260, Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180 ThailandA. OksanenHankasalmi Observatory, Jyvaskylan Sirius ry, Verkkoniementie 30, 40950 Muurame, FinlandN. Brice OrangeOrangeWave Innovative Science, LLC, Moncks Corner, SC, 29461 USAClément PellouinSorbonne UniversitéJ. PelotonIJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceH. W. PengPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Planetarium, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100044 PR ChinaMeili PilloixArtemis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceAdam PopowiczSilesian University of Technology, Department of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Microelectronics, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandT. PradierUniversité de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceO. PyshnaAstronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna Str. 3, Kyiv, 04053 UkraineG. RaaijmakersGRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsY RajabovUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy str. 33, Tashkent, 100052 UzbekistanA. RauMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyC. RinnerOukaimeden Observatory (MOSS), Oukaimeden, MoroccoJean‐Pierre RivetUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, FranceA. S. RyhNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptM. SabilOukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University Av. Prince My Abdellah, 2390 Marrakesh, BP, MoroccoT. SadibekovaUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy str. 33, Tashkent, 100052 UzbekistanM. SasakiLaboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, R. dos Estados Unidos, 154 – Nações, Itajubá, MG, 37504-364 BrazilM. SerrauSociété Astronomique de France, Observatoire de Dauban, 04150 Banon, FranceA. SimonAstronomy and Space Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova ave. 4, Kyiv, 03022 UkraineAzza ShokryNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptK. SmithUniversity of the Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Islands, 00802 USAO SokoliukAstronomical Observatory Taras Shevshenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str. 3, Kyiv, 04053 UkraineX. Y. SongBeijing Planetarium, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100044 PR ChinaA. TakeyNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptP. ThierryIRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceYusufjon TillayevNational University of Uzbekistan, 4 University str., Tashkent, 100174 UzbekistanD. TurpinUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceA. de Ugarte PostigoUniversité Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, France
ABI
Аннотация
Aims. We present a campaign designed to train the Global Rapid Advanced Network Devoted to the Multi-messenger Addicts (GRANDMA) network and its infrastructure to follow up on transient alerts and detect their early afterglows. In preparation for O4 II campaign, we focused on gamma-ray burst (GRB) alerts since they are expected to serve as the electromagnetic counterpart of gravitational-wave events. Our goal was to improve our response to the alerts and to start prompt observations as soon as possible, so that we may better prepare the GRANDMA network for the fourth observational run of LIGO-Virgo-Kagra (launched at the end of May 2023) and future missions such as SM. Methods. We set up a dedicated infrastructure and organized a rota of follow-up advocates (FAs) to guarantee round-the-clock assistance to our telescope teams, with an aim to receive, manage, and send out observational plans to our partner telescopes. To ensure a large number of observations, we focused on Swift GRBs whose localization errors were generally smaller than the GRANDMA telescopes’ field of view. This allowed us to bypass the transient identification process and focus on the reaction time and efficiency of the network. Results. During the ‘Ready for O4 II’ phase, 11 Swift /INTEGRAL GRB triggers were selected. Of these, nine fields had been observed and three afterglows had been detected (GRB 220403B, GRB 220427A, GRB 220514A) with 17 GRANDMA telescopes and 17 amateur astronomers from the citizen science project Kilonova-Catcher. Here, we highlight the GRB 220427A analysis, where our long-term follow-up of the host galaxy allowed us to obtain a photometric redshift of z = 0.82 ± 0.09 and its lightcurve evolution, as well as to fit the decay slope of the afterglows and study the properties of the host galaxy. Conclusions. During this eight-week-long GRB follow-up campaign, we successfully fulfilled our goal of training telescope teams for O4 and improving the associated technical toolkits. For seven of the GRB alerts, our network was able to start the first observations less than one hour after the GRB trigger time. We also characterized the network efficiency to observe GRB afterglow given the resulting time delay and limiting magnitude, and to its light curve evolution based on the observation of GRB 220427A.
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