Photometry of the Didymos System across the DART Impact Apparition
Nicholas MoskovitzLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA; [email protected]Cristina A. ThomasNorthern Arizona University, USAPetr PravecAstronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech RepublicTim ListerLas Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USATom PolakisLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA; [email protected]D. J. OsipLas Campanas Observatory, ChileTheodore KaretaLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA; [email protected]Agata RożekInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKSteven R. ChesleyJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAShantanu P. NaiduJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAP. ScheirichAstronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech RepublicW. H. RyanNew Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USAE. V. RyanNew Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USAB. A. SkiffLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA; [email protected]C. SnodgrassInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKMatthew M. KnightPhysics Department, United States Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USAA. S. RivkinJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USAN. L. ChabotJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USAV. AyvazianE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Abastumani, GeorgiaI. N. BelskayaInstitute of Astronomy, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, UkraineZ. BenkhaldounOukaïmeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech, MoroccoD. BerteşteanuAstronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, RomaniaM. BonavitaInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKT. H. BressiMelissa J. BruckerM. BurgdorfUniversität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Meteorological Institute, Bundesstraße 55, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanyО. БурхоновUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Tashkent, UzbekistanBrian BurtLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA; [email protected]C. ContrerasLas Campanas Observatory, ChileJoseph ChatelainLas Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USAYoung‐Jun ChoiKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaMatthew DailyLas Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USAJ. de LeónInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, SpainK. E. ErgashevUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Tashkent, UzbekistanT. L. FarnhamUniversity of Maryland, USAPetr FatkaAstronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech RepublicMarin FerraisFlorida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, 12354 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USAStefan GeierGran Telescopio Canarias (GRANTECAN), Cuesta de San José s/n, E-38712, Breña Baja, La Palma, SpainEdward GomezLas Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USASarah GreenstreetH. GröllerC. W. HergenrotherAscending Node Technologies, LLC, Tucson, AZ, USACarrie E. HoltUniversity of Maryland, USAK. HornochAstronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech RepublicMarek HusárikAstronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 059 60 Tatranská Lomnica, The Slovak RepublicR. InasaridzeE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Abastumani, GeorgiaEmmanuël JehinSpace sciences, Technologies & Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Liège, BelgiumElahe KhaloueiAstronomy Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaJean-Baptiste Kikwaya EluoVatican Observatory, V-00120 Vatican City State, ItalyMyung-Jin KimKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaYu. N. KruglyAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznań, PolandH. KučákováAstronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech RepublicP. KušnirákAstronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech RepublicJeffrey A. LarsenHee-Jae LeeKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaCassandra LejolyJ. LicandroInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, SpainPenélope Longa-PeñaCentro de Astronomía, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta, ChileR. A. MastalerCurtis McCullyLas Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USAHong-Kyu MoonKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaN. MorrellLas Campanas Observatory, ChileArushi NathDagmara OszkiewiczAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznań, PolandDaniel ParrottLiz PhillipsDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, USAMarcel PopescuAstronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, 5 Cuţitul de Argint, 040557 Bucharest, RomaniaDonald P. PraySugarloaf Mountain Observatory, South Deerfield, MA, USAGeorge Pantelimon ProdanAstronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, 5 Cuţitul de Argint, 040557 Bucharest, RomaniaM. RabusDepartamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepción, ChileM. T. ReadI. RevaFesenkov Astrophysical Institute, Almaty, KazakhstanVernon RoarkUniversity of Hawaii, USAT. Santana-RosDepartamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, SpainJ. V. ScottiTaiyo TataraAudrey ThirouinLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA; [email protected]D. J. TholenUniversity of Hawaii, USAVolodymyr TroianskyiAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznań, PolandA. F. TubbioloKatelyn VillaPhysics Department, United States Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract On 2022 September 26, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the satellite of binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This demonstrated the efficacy of a kinetic impactor for planetary defense by changing the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes. Measuring the period change relied heavily on a coordinated campaign of lightcurve photometry designed to detect mutual events (occultations and eclipses) as a direct probe of the satellite’s orbital period. A total of 28 telescopes contributed 224 individual lightcurves during the impact apparition from 2022 July to 2023 February. We focus here on decomposable lightcurves, i.e., those from which mutual events could be extracted. We describe our process of lightcurve decomposition and use that to release the full data set for future analysis. We leverage these data to place constraints on the postimpact evolution of ejecta. The measured depths of mutual events relative to models showed that the ejecta became optically thin within the first ∼1 day after impact and then faded with a decay time of about 25 days. The bulk magnitude of the system showed that ejecta no longer contributed measurable brightness enhancement after about 20 days postimpact. This bulk photometric behavior was not well represented by an HG photometric model. An HG 1 G 2 model did fit the data well across a wide range of phase angles. Lastly, we note the presence of an ejecta tail through at least 2023 March. Its persistence implied ongoing escape of ejecta from the system many months after DART impact.
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