Development and HPLC Characterization of a Water-Soluble Supramolecular Complex of Propolis and Glycyrrhizic Acid Monoammonium Salt: Composition, Toxicity, and Pharmaceutical Potential

This study synthesized and evaluated a supramolecular complex of propolis with glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt (GMAS) in a 1:3 ratio, aiming to enhance its solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential. The complex was characterized as a white to pale-yellow amorphous powder with high water solubility. Vibrational frequency analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups essential for bioactivity, while HPLC analysis identified significant levels of vitamins B2, B6, and C, suggesting antioxidant potential. In vivo evaluation using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model demonstrated dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, with a maximum inhibition of edema (60.7%) observed at 100 mg/kg. The complex significantly reduced swelling within 5 hours post-induction, comparable to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. Acute toxicity studies classified the complex as non-toxic (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg), with no adverse effects observed at therapeutic doses. The potent anti-inflammatory activity is attributed to bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, whose efficacy is enhanced by improved solubility through supramolecular complexation. These findings underscore the potential of the GMAS-propolis complex as a safe, natural alternative to conventional therapies for managing inflammation and oxidative stress. Future studies should focus on clinical trials and formulation optimization to establish its therapeutic applicability.

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