The effect of the natural sugar substitute Stevia on biochemical and metabolic markers in rats

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia) functions as a common natural sugar substitute which has generated interest regarding its metabolic effects on carbohydrates. The research examined stevia's influence on essential biochemical and hormonal indicators through a controlled experimental approach. A total of 25 males white Wistar rats received daily stevia extract doses during a two-month period. The research spanned two months to evaluate glucose metabolism and tolerance through glucose concentration tests as well as glycated hemoglobin and insulin measurements. Blood samples were collected before treatment, on day 30, and on day 60. The glucose tolerance test required glucose administration followed by AUC analysis of glucose concentration throughout the test period. The consumption of stevia resulted in blood glucose elevations reaching 39.5% on day 30 and 66.2% on day 60 while glycated hemoglobin levels increased by 64.7%. The insulin levels increased by 49.3% on day 30 but demonstrated partial stabilization by day 60. The extended consumption of stevia resulted in major increases of liver enzymes (ALT increased by 47.8% at day 30) together with elevated urea and reatinine levels and decreased calcium and potassium concentrations. The results show that long-term stevia consumption results in elevated blood sugar levels and insulin levels and impaired glucose control. The natural sugar substitute reputation of stevia does not protect users from metabolic risks that occur with extended consumption even at recommended dosages.

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