Flavonoid-rich extracts from Pyrus communis L. for chemical profiling and optical analysis

In this study, the flavonoid and water-soluble vitamin content of various anatomical parts of the pear fruit <i>Pyrus communis</i> L. (Nashwati variety), grown in the Namangan region of Uzbekistan, was studied and compared: pulp, peel, seed, and leaf. In the study, the main phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, rutin, salicylic acid, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol, were identified, and their amounts were estimated using modern analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was determined using methods based on DPPH and adrenaline autoxidation. According to the results, gallic acid (66.628 &mu;g/g) and kaempferol (81.208 &mu;g/g) were detected in the leaves in the highest concentration, salicylic acid was detected in the peel (170.108 &mu;g/g), and rutin was recorded in the pulp (24.433 &mu;g/g). The extract of the leaf had elevated antioxidant activity, with 89.14% and an IC50 of 32.56 &mu;l. In the analysis of vitamins, vitamin B₁ was found to be the greatest part in the leaf (28.028 mg/100 g), while vitamins B₃ and C were found to be in high percentages in the peel. These results indicate that the non-edible parts of the pear, particularly the leaves and seeds, are a rich source of biologically active substances and microelements, thereby opening up possibilities for their utilization in functional food or nutraceutical applications.

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