Public Health Responses to Climate-Induced Migration for Health Challenges for Displaced Populations and Wildlife
Аннотация
Human migration is becoming more and more due to climate change as floods, droughts, cyclones, and rising sea levels, among other environmental stresses, are increasing. When individuals are displaced, they tend to go to congested shelters or temporary camps where clean water, food, and health care are not so readily available. The review reviews the key health issues that are confronting displaced populations due to climate and assesses the efforts by the public health systems in responding. The results indicate that the prevalent health issues are infectious diseases, malnutrition, mental health issues, and maternal and child health risks. Another problem, which is on the increase, is disruption in chronic disease treatment. Settlement conditions, access to healthcare, socioeconomic conditions, and legal or mobility limitations have a strong role in these health issues. Additionally, it is crucial to consider the impacts of climate-induced displacement on wildlife populations, which can disrupt ecosystems and further exacerbate the transmission of zoonotic diseases. The current interventions by the public health, like mobile clinics, emergency outreach, and basic surveillance, can support immediate needs but are still unequal in different regions. There is a shortage, especially in mental health and long-term care services. Regional differences reveal that the combined burdens are the highest in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Small Island states. In general, the review demonstrates the necessity of more powerful, coordinated, and climate-resistant health approaches. The distribution of better routine services, better early warning mechanisms, and the implementation of mental health support are some of the steps towards shielding populations that have migrated as a result of climate change.