Impact of Chronic Sodium Cyclamate Administration at a Daily Acceptable Dose on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Insulin Resistance

Sodium cyclamate, a widely used non-caloric artificial sweetener, has been associated with potential metabolic disturbances. This study evaluated the effects of chronic sodium cyclamate administration (10 mg/kg/day, peroral) on carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and mineral metabolism, as well as insulin resistance and body weight, in experimental rats over 60 days. Chronic cyclamate consumption significantly increased blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin levels, with glucose rising by 68.4% and insulin by 66.4% relative to baseline by day 60. Glucose tolerance tests revealed marked impairment, with the area under the glucose curve increasing by 73.3%. Liver glycogen content decreased by 41.83%, accompanied by elevated ALT and AST activities, indicating hepatic involvement. Biochemical analysis showed increases in total protein and albumin levels, while urea and creatinine concentrations were elevated, reflecting altered nitrogen metabolism. Lipid profile assessment revealed progressive increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C, with corresponding changes in atherogenic coefficients, suggesting negative effects on lipid metabolism. Chronic administration also disrupted mineral homeostasis, decreasing potassium and calcium levels while moderately altering sodium levels. Insulin resistance indices, including HOMA-IR, FIRI, QUICKI, and Caro index, demonstrated significant reductions in insulin sensitivity over time. Notably, body weight was slightly reduced during the experiment, indicating that sodium cyclamate did not promote weight gain under these conditions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that prolonged sodium cyclamate intake adversely affects glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and multiple metabolic parameters in rats, highlighting potential health risks associated with chronic exposure.

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