Aspects of the extension of forty exploitation of bulk reservoirs for irrigation and hydropower purposes
Аннотация
The article is devoted to solving the problems of reducing the useful volume of bulk reservoirs, which is an urgent task of water management. The development of the design allows to reduce the volume of incoming sediment into the reservoir thicket is the main goal of the present work. The analysis of materials of field studies and a review of existing scientific works was the basis of the research method. The results of field studies on the study of channel processes in the downstream of the feeder channel of a low-pressure reservoir and the dynamics of their siltation. It has been established that the reservoirs accumulate only 0.3-10% of the annual river flow and the degree of annual silting of the capacity of such reservoirs is on average 0.5-2.0%. After 25-50 years, reservoirs may lose half of their usable capacity and after 40-80 years, a complete failure of operation is possible. To slow down this process in the basins of the self-leveling reservoirs, a new structure of structures developed, which ensures an even flow of water in the supply channel and maximum sedimentation of sediments in the channel, which prevents them from entering the reservoir bowl.