Conductance jumps and magnetic flux quantization in ballistic point contacts
É. N. BogachekPhysicotechnical Institute of Low Temperatures, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, KharkovA. M. ZagoskinPhysicotechnical Institute of Low Temperatures, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, KharkovI. O. KulikPhysicotechnical Institute of Low Temperatures, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkov
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Transport properties of smooth-geometry point contacts are studied in a weak magnetic field. It is shown that the conductance undergoes jumps of e2/πℏ and 2e2/πℏ upon a variation of carrier concentration or contact size. The Aharonov–Bohm effect is manifested in the form of conductance oscillations as functions of the magnetic flux with a period hc/e. The exactly solvable models of two- and three-dimensional contacts are analyzed, and the restrictions on contact aperture for which the conductance quantization takes place are determined.
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