Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology
Mamona NazirDepartment of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanMuhammad SaleemInstitute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanMuhammad Imran TousifDepartment of Chemistry, DG Khan Campus, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanMuhammad Aijaz AnwarPharmaceutical Research Division, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi 75280, PakistanFrank SurupMicrobial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyIftikhar AliDepartment of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, PakistanDaijie WangSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, ChinaNilufar Z. MamadalievaDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, GermanyElham AlshammariDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaMohamed L. AshourDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi ArabiaAhmed M. AshourDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaIshtiaq AhmedDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UKElizbitDepartment of Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H12, Islamabad 44000, PakistanIvan R. GreenDepartment of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South AfricaHidayat HussainDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites formed due to mixed biosynthetic pathways which are produced in part from a terpenoid co-substrate. These mixed biosynthetically hybrid compounds are widely produced by bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. Notably amazing chemical diversity is generated among meroterpenoids via a combination of terpenoid scaffolds with polyketides, alkaloids, phenols, and amino acids. This review deals with the isolation, chemical diversity, and biological effects of 452 new meroterpenoids reported from natural sources from January 2016 to December 2020. Most of the meroterpenoids possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, enzyme inhibitory, and immunosupressive effects.
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