Testing the inverse-Compton catastrophe scenario in the intra-day variable blazar S5 0716+71
L. OstoreroLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]S. J. WagnerLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]José GraciaSection of Astrophysics, Astronomy & Mechanics, Department of Physics, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84 Zografos, Athens, GreeceE. FerreroLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]T. P. KrichbaumMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyS. BritzenMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyA. WitzelMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyK. NilssonTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, FinlandM. VillataIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyU. BachIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyD. BarnabyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USAS. BernhartMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyM. T. CariniDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USAC. W. ChenInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jungda Road, Jungli City 320-54, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCWen-Ping ChenDepartment of Physics, National Central University, 300 Jungda Road, Jungli City 320-54, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCS. CipriniOsservatorio Astronomico, Università di Perugia, via B. Bonfigli, 06126 Perugia, ItalyS. CrapanzanoIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyVictor DoroshenkoCrimean Laboratory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute, University of Moscow, Russia; P/O Nauchny, 98409 Crimea, UkraineН. В. ЕфимоваAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr. 28, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaD. EmmanoulopoulosLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]L. FuhrmannIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyK. É. GabányiMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyAlan GiltinanCork Institute of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics & Instrumentation, Rossa Avenue, Bishoptown, Cork, IrelandV. A. Hagen‐ThornAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr. 28, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaM. HäuserLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]J. HeidtLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]A. S. HojaevInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jungda Road, Jungli City 320-54, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCT. HovattaMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, FinlandFilip HrochInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicM. IbrahimovUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Center for Space Research, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Astronomicheskaya 33, 700052 Tashkent, UzbekistanC. M. Violette ImpellizzeriMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyR. Z. IvanidzeAbastumani Astrophysical Observatory, 383762 Abastumani, GeorgiaD. KachelLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]A. KrausMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyO. M. KurtanidzeAbastumani Astrophysical Observatory, 383762 Abastumani, GeorgiaA. LähteenmäkiMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, FinlandL. LanteriIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyV. M. LarionovAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr. 28, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaZhong-Yi LinInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jungda Road, Jungli City 320-54, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCE. LindforsTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, FinlandF. MünzInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicM. G. NikolashviliAbastumani Astrophysical Observatory, 383762 Abastumani, GeorgiaG. NucciarelliOsservatorio Astronomico, Università di Perugia, via B. Bonfigli, 06126 Perugia, ItalyA. O'ConnorCork Institute of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics & Instrumentation, Rossa Avenue, Bishoptown, Cork, IrelandJ. OhlertM. PasanenTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, FinlandC. PullenC. M. RaiteriIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyTravis A. RectorDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USAR. M. RobbDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, BC, CanadaL. A. SiguaAbastumani Astrophysical Observatory, 383762 Abastumani, GeorgiaA. SillanpääTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, FinlandL. SixtovaInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicN. SmithCork Institute of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics & Instrumentation, Rossa Avenue, Bishoptown, Cork, IrelandPeter StrubLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]Shigeru TakahashiFaculty of Information Sciences, Hiroshima-City University, 3-4-1, Ozuka-Higashi, Asa-minami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194, JapanL. O. TakaloTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, FinlandC. TapkenLandessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]J. TartarDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121, USAM. TornikoskiMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, FinlandG. TostiOsservatorio Astronomico, Università di Perugia, via B. Bonfigli, 06126 Perugia, ItalyM. TröllerMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, FinlandR. WaltersDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USAB. A. WilkingDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121, USAW. WillsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USAI. AgudoMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyH. D. AllerDepartment of Astronomy, Dennison Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAM. F. AllerDepartment of Astronomy, Dennison Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAE. AngelakisMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyJohann P. KlareMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyElmar KördingMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyR. G. StromASTRON, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsH. TeräsrantaMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, FinlandH. UngerechtsIRAM, Avd. Div. Pastora 7NC, 18012 Granada, SpainBaltasar Vila-VilaróUniversity of Arizona, Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Context.Some intra-day variable, compact extra-galactic radio sources show brightness temperatures severely exceeding 1012 K, the limit set by catastrophic inverse-Compton (IC) cooling in sources of incoherent synchrotron radiation. The violation of the IC limit, actually possible under non-stationary conditions, would lead to IC avalanches in the soft-γ-ray energy band during transient periods.
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