Biogenic Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Photocatalytic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from <i>Lycium Depressum</i> Fruit Extract
Abstract
Abstract This study explores the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (LD‐AgNPs) using an aqueous extract (LDE) derived from Lycium depressum fruits and assesses their physicochemical and biological characteristics. The presence of phytochemicals in LDE, essential for nanoparticle formation and stabilization, was confirmed through LC–MS/MS analysis. UV–vis spectroscopy identified a surface plasmon resonance peak at 411 nm, and XRD analysis confirmed a face‐centered cubic crystal structure. TEM and SEM imaging determined an approximate nanoparticle size of 29 nm. Antimicrobial assessments revealed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , demonstrating efficacy comparable to commercial antibiotics. Cytotoxicity evaluations showed LD‐AgNPs exerted inhibitory effects on A549 lung cancer cells at 25 µg/mL, while toxicity in normal fibroblast cells (L929) was observed at 50 µg/mL. Additionally, LD‐AgNPs exhibited photocatalytic efficiency, degrading 74% of methylene blue. These findings suggest LD‐AgNPs are potential biomaterials for antimicrobial, anticancer, and environmental applications.